lexical | ||
Optimizer | ||
semantic | ||
syntax | ||
.gitignore | ||
error.py | ||
main.py | ||
README.md | ||
test0.hy | ||
test1.hy | ||
test2.hy | ||
test3.hy | ||
test4.hy | ||
test5.hy | ||
test6.hy | ||
test7.hy | ||
test8.hy | ||
test.py | ||
tk_ui.py |
Hydrogen 语言大纲
[toc]
1. 语法文档
1.1 变量
变量声明
i32 f1; // 整型字变量默认为i32,支持自动类型转换
f32 f2;
i32[5] f3; // 数组声明
f32[93] f4;
支持的数值类型
实数类型 | 数组类型 |
---|---|
i32 | i32[num-int] |
f32 | f32[num-int] |
1.2 注释
单行注释
单行注释使用 //
开头,后面跟随注释内容。例如:
// 这是一个单行注释
多行注释
多行注释使用 /*
开头,并以 */
结束。例如:
/*
这是一个多行注释
可以跨越多行
*/
1.3 控制结构
if 语法
if condition {
// 当 condition 为 true 时执行的代码
} else {
// 当 condition 为 false 时执行的代码
}
condition 的类型必须是 bool
可以使用 else 语法来检查多个条件,示例:
fn main() {
i32 type;
i32 foo;
age = 32;
if foo >= 60 {
a = 0;
} else {
if foo >= 18 {
a = 1;
} else {
a = 2;
}
}
}
While 语法
while
语句用于循环执行代码块。Nature 语言中的 for
语句有三种主要形式:经典循环、条件循环。
- 经典循环
经典循环用于执行固定次数的循环。基本语法如下:
fn main() {
i32 a;
i32 sum;
a = 0;
sum = 0;
while a <= 100 {
sum = sum + a;
a = a + 1;
}
}
在这个示例中,循环从 i = 1
开始,每次循环 i
增加 1,直到 i
大于 100。
- 1.5 算术运算符
优先级 | 关键字 | 使用示例 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | () | (1 + 1) | (expr) |
2 | / | 1 / 2 | 除 |
2 | * | 1 * 2 | 乘 |
2 | % | 5 % 2 | 余数 |
3 | + | 1 + 1 | 加 |
3 | - | 1 - 1 | 减 |
4 | > | 1 > 2 | 大于 |
4 | >= | 1 >= 2 | 大于等于 |
4 | < | 1 < 2 | 小于 |
4 | <= | 1 <= 2 | 小于等于 |
4 | == | 1 == 2 | 等于 |
4 | != | 1 != 2 | 不等于 |
1.4 函数
函数声明语法如下
fn 函数名(参数名:参数类型,....) -> 返回类型 {
...
}
注意: -> 返回类型可以省略,省略后默认返回void
例子:
fn main() {
return 0;
}
2. 实现细节
2.1 符号表
全局变量表
Name | Type | Width | Offset |
---|---|---|---|
g_a | i32 | 4 | 0 |
函数表
Function Name | Return Type | Local Var Table |
---|---|---|
main | void | main |
局部变量表
表名称:main
Name | Type | Width | Offset | Is Param |
---|---|---|---|---|
test | i32 | 4 | 0 | True |
a | i32[] | 128 | 4 | False |
2.2 四元式
- 函数定义
- 表示函数入口,例如:(fun, _, _, main)(定义主函数)。
- 赋值操作
- 将常量或变量赋给临时变量或目标变量,例如:
- (=, 32, _, _v0)(常量赋值)
- (=, _v0, _, age)(变量赋值)
- (=, 0, _, _v18)(常量赋值给临时变量)。
- 将常量或变量赋给临时变量或目标变量,例如:
- 比较操作
- 包括大于等于 (>=) 和小于等于 (<=),生成布尔结果,例如:
- (>=, foo, _v1, _v2)
- (<=, foo, _v10, _v11)
- 包括大于等于 (>=) 和小于等于 (<=),生成布尔结果,例如:
- 条件跳转
- 根据条件判断跳转到指定基本块,例如:(if, _v3, goto, __b3)。
- 无条件跳转
- 直接跳转到指定基本块,例如:(goto, _, _, __b5)。
- 基本块标记
- 定义控制流中的基本块,例如:(block, _, _, __b3)。
- 算术操作
- 执行加法运算,例如:(+, age, a, _v13)。
- 返回操作
- 表示函数返回特定值,例如:(return, _, _, _v18)(返回临时变量 _v18 的值)。
- 函数调用
- 表示调用函数,例如:(call, product, 0, _) (product是函数名,0是参数个数)。
2.3 添加语义动作的文法推导式
# 0
Production('program', ['define-lists'],
'Program0S', [None], 'Program0E'),
# 1
Production('define-lists', ['define-list', 'define-lists'],
None, [None, None], 'DefineLists1E'),
# 2
Production('define-lists', [],
None, [], 'DefineLists2E'),
# 3
Production('define-list', ['fun-define'],
None, [None], 'DefineList3E',
),
# 4
Production('define-list', ['global-var-define'],
None, [None], 'DefineList4E',
),
# 5
Production('fun-define',
['fn', 'id', 'left-parentheses', 'params', 'right-parentheses', 'fun-return', 'left-brace', 'code-block',
'right-brace'],
None, [None, None, None, 'FunDefine5C3', None, 'FunDefine5C5', None, 'FunDefine5C7', None], 'FunDefine5E',
),
# 6
Production('params', [],
'Params6S', [], None,
),
# 7
Production('params', ['paramlist'],
'Params7S', ['Params7C0'], None,
),
# 8
Production('paramlist', ['param', 'param-follow'],
None, ['ParamList8C0', 'ParamList8C1'], None,
),
# 9
Production('param-follow', ['comma', 'param', 'param-follow'],
None, [None, 'ParamFollow9C1', 'ParamFollow9C2'], None,
),
# 10
Production('param-follow', [],
None, [], None,
),
# 11
Production('param', ['id', 'colon', 'type', 'arraylist'],
None, [None, None, None, None], 'Param11E',
),
# 12
Production('arraylist', [],
'ArrayList12S', [], None,
),
# 13
Production('arraylist', ['left-bracket', 'right-bracket'],
'ArrayList13S', [None, None], None,
),
# 14
Production('fun-return', [],
'FunReturn14S', [], None,
),
# 15
Production('fun-return', ['right-arrow', 'type', 'arraylist'],
None, [None, None, None], 'FunReturn15E',
),
# 16
Production('type', ['i32'],
'Type16S', [None], None,
),
# 17
Production('type', ['f32'],
'Type17S', [None], None,
),
# 18
Production('type', ['void'],
"Type18S", [None], None,
),
# 19
Production('global-var-define', ['type', 'arraylist-with-num', 'id', 'global-var-define-follow'],
None, [None, None, None, 'GlobalVarDefine19C3'], 'GlobalVarDefine19E',
),
# 20
Production('global-var-define-follow', ['comma', 'id', 'global-var-define-follow'],
None, [None, None, 'GlobalVarDefineFllow20C2'], 'GlobalVarDefineFllow20E',
),
# 21
Production('global-var-define-follow', ['semicolon'],
None, [None], None,
),
# 22
Production('code-block', ['code-list'],
None, ['CodeBlock22C0'], 'CodeBlock22E',
),
# 23
Production('code-list', ['code', 'code-list'],
None, ["CodeList23C0", 'CodeList23C1'], 'CodeList23E',
),
# 24
Production('code-list', [],
None, [], 'CodeList24E',
),
# 25
Production('code', ['local-define'],
None, ['Code25C0'], 'Code25E',
),
# 26
Production('code', ['normal-statement'],
None, ['Code26C0'], 'Code26E',
),
# 27
Production('code', ['selection-statement'],
None, ['Code27C0'], 'Code27E',
),
# 28
Production('code', ['iteration-statement'],
None, ['Code28C0'], 'Code28E',
),
# 29
Production('code', ['return-statement'],
None, ['Code29C0'], 'Code29E',
),
# 30
Production('local-define', ['type', 'arraylist-with-num', 'id', 'local-define-follow'],
None, ['LocalDefine30C0', "LocalDefine30C1", 'LocalDefine30C2', 'LocalDefine30C3'], 'LocalDefine30E',
),
# 31
Production('local-define-follow', ['comma', 'id', 'local-define-follow'],
None, [None, 'LocalDefineFollow31C1', 'LocalDefineFollow31C2'], 'LocalDefineFollow31E',
),
# 32
Production('local-define-follow', ['semicolon'],
None, [None], None,
),
# 33
Production('normal-statement', ['semicolon'],
None, [None], None,
),
# 34
Production('normal-statement', ['id', 'normal-statement-follow'],
None, [None, 'NormalStatement34C1'], 'NormalStatement34E',
),
# 35
Production('normal-statement-follow', ['var-follow', 'evaluate', 'exp', 'semicolon'],
None, ['NormalStatementFollow35C0', None, 'NormalStatementFollow35C2', None], 'NormalStatement35E',
),
# 36
Production('normal-statement-follow', ['call-follow', 'semicolon'],
None, ['NormalStatementFollow36C0', None], 'NormalStatementFollow36E',
),
# 37
Production('var-follow', [],
None, [], 'VarFollow37E',
),
# 38
Production('var-follow', ['left-bracket', 'exp', 'right-bracket'],
None, [None, None, None], 'VarFollow38E',
),
# 39
Production('call-follow', ['left-parentheses', 'call-params', 'right-parentheses'],
None, [None, 'CallFollow39C1', None], 'CallFollow39E',
),
# 40
Production('call-params', ['call-param-list'],
None, ['CallParams40C0'], 'CallParams40E',
),
# 41
Production('call-params', [],
None, [], 'CallParams41E',
),
# 42
Production('call-param-list', ['exp', 'call-param-follow'],
None, ['CallParamList42C0', None], 'CallParamList42E',
),
# 43
Production('call-param-follow', ['comma', 'exp', 'call-param-follow'],
None, [None, 'CallParamFollow43C1', None], 'CallParamFollow43E',
),
# 44
Production('call-param-follow', [],
None, [], 'CallParamFollow44E',
),
# 45
Production('selection-statement', ['if', 'exp', 'left-brace', 'code-list', 'right-brace', 'selection-follow'],
None, [None, 'SelectionStatement45C1', None, 'SelectionStatement45C3', None, 'SelectionStatement45C5'], 'SelectionStatement45E',
),
# 46
Production('selection-follow', ['else', 'left-brace', 'code-list', 'right-brace'],
None, [None, None, 'SelectionFollow46C2', None], 'SelectionFollow46E',
),
# 47
Production('selection-follow', [],
None, [], 'SelectionFollow47E',
),
# 48
Production('iteration-statement', ['while', 'exp', 'left-brace', 'code-list', 'right-brace'],
None, [None, "IterationStatement48C1", None, 'IterationStatement48C3', None], 'IterationStatement48E',
),
# 49
Production('return-statement', ['return', 'return-follow'],
None, [None, 'ReturnStatement49C1'], "ReturnStatement49E",
),
# 50
Production('return-follow', ['semicolon'],
None, [None], "ReturnFollow50E",
),
# 51
Production('return-follow', ['exp', 'semicolon'],
None, ['ReturnFollow51C0', None], 'ReturnFollow51E',
),
# 52
Production('exp', ['additive-expr', 'exp-follow'],
None, ['Exp52C0', 'Exp52C1'], 'Exp52E'),
# 53
Production('exp-follow', ['rel-op', 'additive-expr'],
None, [None, 'ExpFollow53C1'], 'ExpFollow53E'),
# 54
Production('exp-follow', [],
None, [], 'ExpFollow54E'),
# 55
Production('rel-op', ['smaller-equal'],
None, [None], 'RelOp55E'),
# 56
Production('rel-op', ['smaller'],
None, [None], 'RelOp56E'),
# 57
Production('rel-op', ['bigger'],
None, [None], 'RelOp57E'),
# 58
Production('rel-op', ['bigger-equal'],
None, [None], 'RelOp58E'),
# 59
Production('rel-op', ['equal'],
None, [None], 'RelOp59E'),
# 60
Production('rel-op', ['not-equal'],
None, [None], 'RelOp60E'),
# 61
Production('additive-expr', ['term', 'additive-expr-follow'],
None, ['AdditiveExpr61C0', 'AdditiveExpr61C1'], 'AdditiveExpr61E'),
# 62
Production('additive-expr-follow', ['add-op', 'term', 'additive-expr-follow'],
None, [None, 'AdditiveExprFollow62C1', 'AdditiveExprFollow62C2'], 'AdditiveExprFollow62E'),
# 63
Production('additive-expr-follow', [],
None, [], 'AdditiveExprFollow63E'),
# 64
Production('add-op', ['addition'],
None, [None], 'AddOp64E'),
# 65
Production('add-op', ['subtraction'],
None, [None], 'AddOp65E'),
# 66
Production('term', ['factor', 'term-follow'],
None, ['Term66C0', 'Term66C1'], 'Term66E'),
# 67
Production('term-follow', ['mul-op', 'factor', 'term-follow'],
None, [None, 'TermFollow67C1', 'TermFollow67C2'], 'TermFollow67E'),
# 68
Production('term-follow', [],
None, [], 'TermFollow68E'),
# 69
Production('mul-op', ['multiplication'],
None, [None], 'MulOp69E'),
# 70
Production('mul-op', ['division'],
None, [None], 'MulOp70E'),
# 71
Production('factor', ['left-parentheses', 'exp', 'right-parentheses'],
None, [None, 'Factor71C1', None], 'Factor71E'),
# 72
Production('factor', ['id', 'id-factor-follow'],
None, [None, 'Factor72C1'], 'Factor72E'),
# 73
Production('factor', ['int-num'],
None, [None], 'Factor73E'),
# 74
Production('id-factor-follow', ['var-follow'],
None, [None], 'IdFactorFollow74E'),
# 75
Production('id-factor-follow', ['left-parentheses', 'args', 'right-parentheses'],
None, [None, 'IdFactorFollow75C1', None], 'IdFactorFollow75E'),
# 76
Production('args', ['arg-list'],
None, ['Args76C0'], 'Args76E'),
# 77
Production('args', [],
None, [], 'Args77E'),
# 78
Production('arg-list', ['exp', 'arg-list-follow'],
None, ['ArgList78C0', 'ArgList78C1'], 'ArgList78E'),
# 79
Production('arg-list-follow', ['comma', 'exp', 'arg-list-follow'],
None, [None, 'ArgListFollow79C1', 'ArgListFollow79C2'], 'ArgListFollow79E'),
# 80
Production('arg-list-follow', [],
None, [], 'ArgListFollow80E'),
# 81
Production('arraylist-with-num', [],
None, [], 'ArrayListWithNum81E',
),
# 82
Production('arraylist-with-num', ['left-bracket', 'int-num', 'right-bracket'],
None, [None, None, None], 'ArrayListWithNum82E',
),
# 83
Production('factor', ['float-num'],
None, [None], 'Factor83E'),
# 84
Production('mul-op', ['yushu'],
None, [None], 'MulOp84E'),